|
China
Automobile Industry
China
Automobile 50 Years History
The Chinese automobile industry 50 years
side wheel releases the automobile industry 50 years, this really is the strategic
topic which one is worthy of the reputation. The research key point, certainly is the
historical experience and the lesson which the automobile industry for 50 years develops;
Said understands some, should be for 50 years develops the harvest and the lesson which
the automobile industry policy aspect is correct and wrong brings. This 50 years, are the
Chinese Communist Party three generation of leaders' 50 years; As one strategic product -
automobile, in theoretically all cannot separate with the practice in with three
generation of leaders. As soon as discusses the Mao Zedong time 50 years automobile
industry history, contacted with Chairman Mao should be 1950 to 1976, altogether 26 years.
In 1950 Chairman Mao personally with Soviet Union discussed when Chinese first five-year
plan the automobile item settled, one steam in 1953 laid a foundation on the ceremony
cornerstone preface is Chairman Mao's own handwriting; In June, 1953, Chairman Mao
wholesaled " Central Committee of the CCP about argues vigorously three years
constructs the first automobile factory the instruction "; Chairman Mao arrived
personally one steam inspection in 1958, held when the eighth congress of the CCP
conference in the Chinese Communist Party personally rode one steam manufacture the east
wind sign sedan car, happily commended: " Sat the sedan car which we made ". The
automobile industry development, may divide into two sections in the Mao Zedong time: One,
completed from 1956 goes into production starts " the Great Cultural Revolution
" to 1966 for the first ten year; Two, the second section is " the Great
Cultural Revolution " ten years. For 20 years automobile output, is year by year
grows. Take one steam as representative's first ten year, the annual output is from 1956
1654 to 1965 34155; In ten years in 1958 14922, the annual output surpassed 10000, also
passed through 7 years, the annual output surpassed 30000 (national 40000). In brief,
these ten years are year by year grow, but grow the scope is quite small. In these ten
years, have two years are the large scale drops. 1961 annual output only had 1146, went
into production the first year are also less than; In 1962 was 7607, this was 1961 ago the
counter- right deviation and the Great Leap Forward mistake, as well as in 1959 the
natural disaster influence result, also was the Chinese socialism develops the first big
setback time. The second ten year, in 1966 one steam produced 46605, produced 60205 to
1975 (national 135200). Generally speaking, this ten years also are year by year grow, but
increased the first ten year is smaller than. In these ten years, in 1967 dropped to
15000, in 1968 the drop was 16698, two years suddenly dropped, is precisely when "
the Great Cultural Revolution " started, also is socialism enterprise second big
setback time one kind of performance. This 20 years development, besides output, but also
has one vehicle type the question, the liberation trademark truck occupies the absolute
majority, the variety is unitary. Synthesis above, the Mao Zedong time automobile industry
may sum up is two: One, Mao Zedong personally founded the Chinese automobile industry is
successful, realized " leaves the automobile, leaves the talented person, left the
experience " puts up a factory the goal, became the Chinese automobile industry the
cradle. Two, for 20 years development, after encounters two times of big setbacks, 1975
annual output only then achieved 60205, were not ideal, had the lesson. What is the
lesson? Hu Sheng, Comrade Buo Yipuo two summarizes very well. " The Chinese Communist
Party 70 years " in one book (360 pages) are like this write, " at that time
faced two questions, one was under the socialism condition the class struggle question,
one was the socialist construction scale speed question; In the around approximately 20
years (1957 - 1976) in the long time long time, our party all repeatedly has the serious
fault in these two major problems, these two aspects fault again mutually affects, causes
the exploration process to appear and is winding ". Comrade Buo Yipuo "
certain significant policy-making and event review " in one book (1268 pages) is like
this writes in him, " the party in faces the work center of gravity extension asks
the socialist construction this new duty thus needs is specially discrete, Comrade Mao
Zedong's prestige also achieves the peak, he gradually is arrogant, gradually is separated
from actual and is separated from the masses, the subjectivism and personally acts
arbitrarily the attitude is day by day serious, day by day dominates above the Central
Party Committee, causes the party and in the national politics life collective leadership
principle and the democratic centralism unceasingly receives ??, so that destroys ".
Comrade Buo Yipuo then says, " just because Comrade Mao Zedong, central committee and
place many leader develops arrogant complacency in front of victory, seriously
underestimated our country socialist construction arduous, the complexity and the
long-term characteristic, thought so long as in the utilization war and the land reform
did on large scale the masses movement the method, the socialist construction success was
just round the corner, finally worked just the opposite, encounters the serious setback
". Two discusses the Deng Xiaoping time started from 1978, was the Deng Xiaoping
time, to 1997 altogether 19 years. This 19 years, automobile industry development how? In
1980 automobile annual output 220000, passed through ten years in 1990 produces 500000,
also passed through produces 1000000 two years to 1992, again passed through produces 150
three years to 1995. In 2002 produces in 3250000, one steam, the east wind, Shanghai three
account for 50%, war industry three accounts for 20%, 9 provinces and cities key
enterprises account for 23%. The vehicle type development, to 1990 already was " was
heavy, center, is light, micro, ? " the vehicle type all has, to 1992 when 1000000
already was " the goods, the guest, ? " three minute worlds. Above the
situation, really was " is beyond expectation " in at that time people's mind,
as soon as passed through the ponder enters " inside the reason ", was been
extremely excited the person. " The Chinese Communist Party 70 years " one book
summarizes well, " the history could not sever ", " party's 11 sessions of
three CCP plenary conferences absorbs the previous 29 year good experiences, also in view
of the fact that 29 year front reverse side experience, then only then can obtain today
the achievement ". Since in December, 1978, party's 11 sessions of three CCP plenary
conferences have been the founding of the nation in party's history most have the profound
significance the great transition. At the same time, corrected Comrade Hua Guo Feng "
the ocean advanced recklessly " the mistake, founded the Chinese automobile
industry production new way; Vigorously develops the passenger vehicle industry, urges the
automobile to enter the family. The Chinese automobile industry and other professions
same, all obtained the Deng Xiaoping Theory and the policy advantage, this was: "
Take class struggle as the key link ", " the opposition , the development only
then is the hard truth ", " traces the stone river ", " the minority
person may be first rich ", " the government and business separates ",
" the market economy ". To summary, " Chinese characteristic socialism
". Deng Xiaoping's theory and the policy, to the automobile industry development good
development, affects most direct and is biggest mainly is following six: One, the
automobile is the national prop industry, this is party's 14 big decisions; Two, "
the technical introduction and the foreign joint capital management ", personally
shows loving care for and under the instruction in Deng Xiaoping, as early as the
automobile profession carried out in 1978. Three, the permission privately operated
production and the stock management automobile, this most has representatively is:
Zhejiang Province's auspicious group, one year produces 30000 above the sedan car; The
Beijing Fukuda automobile group, one year produces 100000 trucks; The automobile sale and
the spare part production and the automobile fitting sells the personal management were
more. Four, " the government and business separates, the authority release ".
Five, " market economy ". Six, in February, 1994, State Council authorized to
promulgate implements " automobile industry industry policy ". Returns
excessively looks the history, I think the now may say, not earnestly summarizes the
historical experience and the lesson, is not possible to have Deng Xiaoping's theory and
the policy; Not above six, are not possible to have in 2002 produces 3250000 automobiles
the result. At that time the masses discussed to Xiaoping Comrade, really was too kind
only, the masses said: " Comrade Deng Xiaoping is young when in France, is the
automobile expert "! Three discusses Comrade Jiang Zemin time Deng Xiaoping in 1995
was seriously ill, to 2003 altogether 8 years. Our country automobile annual output
achieves 2000000 in 2000; 2002 annual output achieve 3250000. The motorcycle in 1980
50000, produced 13000000 to 2002. in 2002 produces 2600000. This time achievement,
is firmly carries out Deng Xiaoping's theory and the policy with Comrade Jiang Zemin does
not divide. The agriculture with the vehicle development, in under his summons and the
instruction, enabled it to play the positive role in the Chinese automobile industry
history development phase. Comrade Jiang Zemin " three represent " the important
thought and " west greatly develops " propose, will increase the new excellent
conditions for the our country automobile industry next development. Synthesis above, I
think: The Chinese automobile industry 50 years development course, is the head opens well
in the Mao Zedong time, afterwards the development was insufficiently good; The Deng
Xiaoping time, is continuously all good; Was above is good to the Jiang Zemin time adds,
the experience even more enriched, our prospect definitely was extremely bright.
|
|
|
|
|
